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Thursday - May 15, 2014

From: San Antonio, TX
Region: Southwest
Topic: Pests, Herbs/Forbs, Shrubs
Title: How to Control Pests on Plants for Sale
Answered by: Anne Van Nest

QUESTION:

I am renting a closed spot at a flea market, and am having trouble with several infestations at once, and I am not sure how to control them. I am currently having trouble with aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. They are on nearly everything – mints, rosemary, lavender, succulents, mountain laurels, sweet almond verbena, esperanza, Turk’s cap, bottlebrush, sage/salvias, and several more. I have released ladybugs several times. I am trying to avoid using pesticides, as many of my plants are edible. Having a large amount of plants of varying sizes makes it very difficult to spray individual plants with a homemade spray. I am running out of ideas, and fear this may hurt my ability to continue my business. Any ideas of other ways I could control these problems? I also am not sure where these are coming from, as it is a closed space, and I make sure to check my plants before I bring them in. Any help is appreciated.

ANSWER:

You are not alone in your frustration with aphids, whiteflies and spider mites. These are the most troublesome pests of indoor and greenhouse plants. Just be thankful you don’t have mealybugs and scale to contend with - which are worse pests.
The pests that are attacking your herbs, perennials and shrubs are a prevalent problem because they have very short life cycles and can multiply exponentially very quickly becoming a devastating crisis almost overnight. Aphids can bear live young and have those offspring produce their own babies in as little as seven days under ideal conditions.
Aphids, whiteflies and spider mites also all have a very large list of host plants that they like to attack. When they do this they feed on the plant sap of your plants. Large infestations will decrease the vigor of the plant, may distort new growth (particularly aphids) and could ultimately kill the plant. The challenge in controlling these pests is that because their life cycle is so short there are lots of young appearing and any control will have to be repeated several times and in short intervals.
Biological controls such as ladybugs, lacewings, and numerous targetted predatory insects have been very successful in many greenhouses where there is a closed environment. In this situation the biologicals can be monitored, released at strategic times, and kept in the area where they can do the most good. Ladybugs released into a yard will most often fly away searching for their own food and not attack the pests that gardeners want them to attack. Ladybugs are freewheeling and are beneficial to all the neighborhood and less so for a specific area.

Here are some pest control strategies to consider:

  • Prune back plants – this will make them easier to spray and removes some of the pest eggs.
  • Spray the undersides of the leaves – this is where most of the pests are located.
  • Inspect your plants every 2-3 days. Get a hand lens to see spider mites on the underside of leaves.
  • Keep plants from being stressed. Stressed plants are more prone to attack by pests. Avoid extremes of watering (excessively wet or dry). Fertilize regularly during the growing season. Repot plants regularly, and give them adequate sunlight and air movement.
  • Spray incoming plants with an insecticidal soap (as long as this won’t harm the plant) as a preventative measure - even if they look clean. Quarantine new plants for at least 2 weeks if they are suspected of carrying pests.
  • Use yellow sticky cards near whitefly prone plants to monitor the pest.


There are a lot of resources online about managing these pests in a greenhouse (which is close to your situation). Some examples include:

Greenhouse Insect Management

Managing Aphids in the Greenhouse

Greenhouse whitefly


 

From the Image Gallery


Mountain laurel
Kalmia latifolia

Turk's cap
Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii

Yellow bells
Tecoma stans

Scarlet sage
Salvia coccinea

Autumn sage
Salvia greggii

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